英语 13：讲述一次故障

本课任务：用英语完成“讲述一次故障”这一类沟通。英文内容为教学情境，不是用户项目事实的逐字记录。学习顺序是阅读理解、词汇例句、语法拆解、练习和脱稿复述。

• 阅读A：211词；阅读B：217词；对话：179词。
• 首次集中学习：40个词形组，对应原词表45个已观察词项。
• 语法：一般过去时；过去进行时；叙述顺序。
• 常用句式复习：12句；补充语境练习：11句。
• 返回20课目录。

阅读 A｜Describing a Problem Before Trying to Fix It

Yesterday I opened the course page and noticed that the topic menu was empty, although I expected several saved topics to appear.

I had been reviewing the lesson content, so the missing options interrupted the task and made it impossible to continue normally.

Before changing anything, I wrote down the page I visited, the action I took, and the result that I actually saw.

I also described the expected behavior, because an empty menu might be correct in one situation and a problem in another.

The page itself loaded successfully, but the request that should have retrieved the topics returned an error instead of the expected data.

At that point, I could distinguish the visible symptom from the particular operation that failed behind the interface.

I checked whether the issue happened again after returning to the page and whether another lesson showed the same missing options.

These observations did not explain the cause yet, but they gave the investigation a much clearer starting point than a general complaint.

When I asked for help, I included the relevant error message and avoided adding guesses that I could not support with evidence.

A clear account of what happened made the next conversation shorter and helped the other person focus on the actual failure.

A：逐句中文对照

Yesterday I opened the course page and noticed that the topic menu was empty, although I expected several saved topics to appear. 昨天打开课程页时，我发现主题菜单为空，虽然预期应显示几个已保存主题。

I had been reviewing the lesson content, so the missing options interrupted the task and made it impossible to continue normally. 当时我在检查课程内容，缺少选项打断任务，让我无法正常继续。

Before changing anything, I wrote down the page I visited, the action I took, and the result that I actually saw. 修改前，我记录访问页面、执行操作和实际看到的结果。

I also described the expected behavior, because an empty menu might be correct in one situation and a problem in another. 我也描述预期行为，因为某种情境中空菜单正确，另一种却有问题。

The page itself loaded successfully, but the request that should have retrieved the topics returned an error instead of the expected data. 页面本身加载成功，但应获取主题的请求返回错误而非预期数据。

At that point, I could distinguish the visible symptom from the particular operation that failed behind the interface. 此时我能区分可见症状，与界面背后失败的具体操作。

I checked whether the issue happened again after returning to the page and whether another lesson showed the same missing options. 我检查重访页面是否再次出现问题，以及其他课程是否同样缺选项。

These observations did not explain the cause yet, but they gave the investigation a much clearer starting point than a general complaint. 观察尚未解释原因，却比泛泛抱怨提供更清晰起点。

When I asked for help, I included the relevant error message and avoided adding guesses that I could not support with evidence. 求助时，我附上相关错误信息，避免加入无证据猜测。

A clear account of what happened made the next conversation shorter and helped the other person focus on the actual failure. 清楚叙述发生的事让后续沟通更短，也让对方聚焦实际故障。

阅读 B｜Writing a Useful Reproduction

A reproduction describes the steps that lead to a problem so that another person can observe the same behavior independently.

It should begin with the necessary starting conditions, such as the selected account, the current page, and any required saved data.

Then it lists the actions in the order they occurred, using precise verbs instead of broad instructions such as use the application.

For example, I can say that I opened the lesson, selected the topic menu, and waited for the options to load.

The description should separate the expected result from the actual result and note whether the problem occurs every time or only sometimes.

If the issue appeared while another operation was running, that background activity may matter and should be mentioned without assuming a connection.

I also record what changed recently, while keeping a recent change separate from a confirmed explanation of why the problem happened.

A good reproduction does not need every detail of the entire session; it needs the details that another person must repeat to see the issue.

Once the problem has been fixed, the same sequence becomes a practical way to check whether the original failure has really disappeared.

This turns a confusing experience into a small, repeatable example that supports both investigation and a clear explanation of the result.

B：逐句中文对照

A reproduction describes the steps that lead to a problem so that another person can observe the same behavior independently. 复现说明描述导致问题的步骤，让别人能独立观察同样行为。

It should begin with the necessary starting conditions, such as the selected account, the current page, and any required saved data. 应先写必要初始条件，比如选中账号、当前页面及需要的已保存数据。

Then it lists the actions in the order they occurred, using precise verbs instead of broad instructions such as use the application. 再按发生顺序列操作，用精确动词，而不写使用应用等笼统指令。

For example, I can say that I opened the lesson, selected the topic menu, and waited for the options to load. 例如说打开课程、选择主题菜单，并等待选项加载。

The description should separate the expected result from the actual result and note whether the problem occurs every time or only sometimes. 应区分预期与实际结果，并说明每次发生还是偶尔发生。

If the issue appeared while another operation was running, that background activity may matter and should be mentioned without assuming a connection. 若问题出现时另一操作正在运行，应提及该背景，但不武断认定关联。

I also record what changed recently, while keeping a recent change separate from a confirmed explanation of why the problem happened. 也记录近期改动，但近期改动不等于已确认原因。

A good reproduction does not need every detail of the entire session; it needs the details that another person must repeat to see the issue. 好的复现不必包含整次会话所有细节，只需让别人重现问题的必要信息。

Once the problem has been fixed, the same sequence becomes a practical way to check whether the original failure has really disappeared. 修复后，相同步骤可用于检查原故障是否真正消失。

This turns a confusing experience into a small, repeatable example that supports both investigation and a clear explanation of the result. 这样把困惑经历变成小而可重复的例子，支持调查和解释结果。

工作对话

Me: Yesterday I opened a lesson and selected the topic menu, but no options appeared even though the database should contain several topics. 我：昨天打开课程选主题菜单，没有选项，虽然数据库应该有几个主题。

Developer: Were you changing the lesson while the page was loading, or did you wait until the ordinary content had already appeared? 开发者：页面加载时你在修改课程，还是等普通内容显示后才操作？

Me: I waited for the content, then opened the menu; the page looked normal, but the request for topics returned an error. 我：等内容显示才开菜单，页面正常，但主题请求报错。

Developer: Does the same problem happen when you repeat those steps with another lesson, using the same account and browser session? 开发者：同账号同浏览器会话，换另一课重复这些步骤也有问题吗？

Me: Yes, it happened again; I have recorded the steps, the expected options, and the actual response so that you can reproduce it. 我：有，我已记录步骤、预期选项和实际响应，方便复现。

Developer: That helps; I will investigate the failed request before changing the visible menu, because the symptom alone does not identify the cause. 开发者：有帮助，先查失败请求，再改可见菜单，因为症状本身不能确定原因。

Me: Please also note any recent changes that may be relevant, but keep those possibilities separate from what the evidence actually confirms. 我：也请留意可能相关的近期改动，但将可能性与已证实内容分开。

Developer: After the fix, I will repeat your reproduction and check whether the menu works with both the original lesson and another example. 开发者：修复后会重复步骤，检查原课程及另一个例子菜单是否正常。

本课完整词汇表

词形组把常见变形关联起来，不把名词派生词一概合并。例如develop与development仍可能是独立词条。所有格、缩写和有独立用途的形式按实际学习价值保留。释义以工作语境为主；少量低频词用于原会话词汇覆盖，标注在补充例句中。

每个词条的完整例句

下列例句来自这套课程的阅读、对话或补充语境。例句可能复用其他课的场景，以便同一个词在不同任务中再现；总覆盖表保留来源课程编号。

again — 再次 Yes, it happened again; I have recorded the steps, the expected options, and the actual response so that you can reproduce it. 我：有，我已记录步骤、预期选项和实际响应，方便复现。

anything — 任何事物 Before changing anything, I wrote down the page I visited, the action I took, and the result that I actually saw. 修改前，我记录访问页面、执行操作和实际看到的结果。

behavior — 行为；系统表现 I also described the expected behavior, because an empty menu might be correct in one situation and a problem in another. 我也描述预期行为，因为某种情境中空菜单正确，另一种却有问题。

broken — 出故障的 The page shows a broken image, and I don’t know whether the original file is missing or the path is wrong. 页面图片损坏，我不知原文件缺失还是路径错。 搭配：a broken link

bug — 程序缺陷 The recent patch was applied, yet the bug appeared again because a different process was still using the older settings. 补丁已应用，但另一进程仍用旧设置，所以故障再现。 搭配：a rendering bug

call — 调用；通话 The first call failed, but two later calls succeeded, so the issue is intermittent rather than constant. 首次调用失败，之后两次成功，所以问题间歇发生。

debug — 调试 Please debug the failed request before changing the page, and raise a separate issue if another failure appears during the investigation. 请先调试失败请求再改页面，调查中若有其他故障另提问题。 搭配：debug the application

detect — 检测到 The analysis detected an invalid value, and correcting that value resolves the failure in the reproduced example. 分析发现无效值，纠正后解决复现例中的故障。

didn’t — did not的缩写 I didn’t see the warning at first, and the application doesn’t explain what happens when the request is rejected. 起初没看到警告，应用也不解释请求被拒后怎样。

disconnect — 断开连接 The system suddenly became disconnected while it was uploading a file, and the partial result looked incomplete. 上传中系统突然断连，部分结果看着不完整。 搭配：disconnect the session

discover — 发现 The developer encountered a bug while debugging the menu, then discovered that an earlier patch had changed its behavior. 开发者调试菜单时遇到缺陷，发现之前补丁改变行为。

doesn’t — does not的缩写 I didn’t see the warning at first, and the application doesn’t explain what happens when the request is rejected. 起初没看到警告，应用也不解释请求被拒后怎样。

don’t — do not的缩写 The page shows a broken image, and I don’t know whether the original file is missing or the path is wrong. 页面图片损坏，我不知原文件缺失还是路径错。

drop — 下落；删除或放弃 A crash can drop a connection, but the visible symptom alone does not establish which component failed first. 崩溃可能断连接，但可见症状不能确定哪个组件先失败。

dump — 转储；数据转储文件 A database dump contains structured records, and the older dumps should be labeled with their source environment and date. 数据库转储含结构记录，旧转储应标来源环境日期。

encounter — 遇到 The developer encountered a bug while debugging the menu, then discovered that an earlier patch had changed its behavior. 开发者调试菜单时遇到缺陷，发现之前补丁改变行为。

error — 错误 I waited for the content, then opened the menu; the page looked normal, but the request for topics returned an error. 我：等内容显示才开菜单，页面正常，但主题请求报错。 搭配：an error message

expect — 预期；期待 I also described the expected behavior, because an empty menu might be correct in one situation and a problem in another. 我也描述预期行为，因为某种情境中空菜单正确，另一种却有问题。

fail — 失败 At that point, I could distinguish the visible symptom from the particular operation that failed behind the interface. 此时我能区分可见症状，与界面背后失败的具体操作。 搭配：fail during the build

happen — 发生 Does the same problem happen when you repeat those steps with another lesson, using the same account and browser session? 开发者：同账号同浏览器会话，换另一课重复这些步骤也有问题吗？ 搭配：happen after a restart

health — 健康；服务健康状态 The daemon runs in the background, while a terminal command displays the service’s current health and listening address. 守护进程后台运行，终端命令展示当前健康状态及监听地址。

instruction — 说明；指令 Then it lists the actions in the order they occurred, using precise verbs instead of broad instructions such as use the application. 再按发生顺序列操作，用精确动词，而不写使用应用等笼统指令。

issue — 问题；议题 I checked whether the issue happened again after returning to the page and whether another lesson showed the same missing options. 我检查重访页面是否再次出现问题，以及其他课程是否同样缺选项。 搭配：a layout issue

log — 日志 The log highlights repeated requests and counts how often the same endpoint returns an unexpected response. 日志突出重复请求，并统计端点返回异常响应次数。 搭配：the build logs

memory — 记忆；内存 The monitor shows the process count, memory usage, and the network traffic associated with the running application. 监控器展示进程数、内存用量及应用相关流量。 搭配：memory usage

mention — 提及 If the issue appeared while another operation was running, that background activity may matter and should be mentioned without assuming a connection. 若问题出现时另一操作正在运行，应提及该背景，但不武断认定关联。

mess — 混乱；弄乱 The missing input created a mess, but repeating the same steps helped us separate two different messes into independent issues. 缺输入造成混乱，重复步骤帮助把两种混乱分为独立问题。

message — 消息；信息 When I asked for help, I included the relevant error message and avoided adding guesses that I could not support with evidence. 求助时，我附上相关错误信息，避免加入无证据猜测。

notice — 注意到了 Yesterday I opened the course page and noticed that the topic menu was empty, although I expected several saved topics to appear. 昨天打开课程页时，我发现主题菜单为空，虽然预期应显示几个已保存主题。

occur — 发生 Then it lists the actions in the order they occurred, using precise verbs instead of broad instructions such as use the application. 再按发生顺序列操作，用精确动词，而不写使用应用等笼统指令。

point — 点；要点；指向 At that point, I could distinguish the visible symptom from the particular operation that failed behind the interface. 此时我能区分可见症状，与界面背后失败的具体操作。

raise — 提高；提出 Please debug the failed request before changing the page, and raise a separate issue if another failure appears during the investigation. 请先调试失败请求再改页面，调查中若有其他故障另提问题。

recent — 最近的 I also record what changed recently, while keeping a recent change separate from a confirmed explanation of why the problem happened. 也记录近期改动，但近期改动不等于已确认原因。

recently — 最近 I also record what changed recently, while keeping a recent change separate from a confirmed explanation of why the problem happened. 也记录近期改动，但近期改动不等于已确认原因。

suddenly — 突然 The system suddenly became disconnected while it was uploading a file, and the partial result looked incomplete. 上传中系统突然断连，部分结果看着不完整。

tail — 尾部 The tail of the logs shows the most recent event, and the monitor counts the hits on the relevant endpoint. 日志尾部显示最近事件，监控器统计相关端点命中。

true — 真实的；布尔真值 The reference response is false in this example, while the actual result is true; the mismatch needs a precise description. 示例参考响应为假，实际为真，差异需精确描述。

turn — 轮次；转向 This turns a confusing experience into a small, repeatable example that supports both investigation and a clear explanation of the result. 这样把困惑经历变成小而可重复的例子，支持调查和解释结果。

warning — 警告 I didn’t see the warning at first, and the application doesn’t explain what happens when the request is rejected. 起初没看到警告，应用也不解释请求被拒后怎样。

while — 当……时；而 Were you changing the lesson while the page was loading, or did you wait until the ordinary content had already appeared? 开发者：页面加载时你在修改课程，还是等普通内容显示后才操作？

语法精讲与结构拆解

G13-1 过去时叙述

I opened the page and noticed an empty menu.

opened、noticed为过去动作；动作发生时间已结束。规则过去式与不规则式要分别记。

对照／迁移：I saw an error. / The request failed.

G13-2 过去进行时

I was reviewing the content when the issue appeared.

was reviewing为当时背景动作；appeared为在背景中发生的事件。

对照／迁移：The page was loading when I clicked.

G13-3 过去完成与过去完成进行时

I had been reviewing the lesson content.

had been＋ing回看过去某时之前持续的动作；had＋过去分词强调此前完成。只在先后或持续关系确有需要时使用。

对照／迁移：The content had loaded before I opened the menu.

相关结构补充与易错点

一般过去时：已结束的动作

说明之前做过什么，常搭配 yesterday、after the update 等。

• I restarted the container. 我重启了容器。
• The build failed yesterday. 昨天构建失败了。

十二句表达复习

本节从本课选择十二句完整表达，用于TypeWords跟打与默写。先理解结构，再替换人物、对象、时间或原因。它们是选句，不代表每句都是固定搭配。

Yesterday I opened the course page and noticed that the topic menu was empty, although I expected several saved topics to appear. 昨天打开课程页时，我发现主题菜单为空，虽然预期应显示几个已保存主题。

Before changing anything, I wrote down the page I visited, the action I took, and the result that I actually saw. 修改前，我记录访问页面、执行操作和实际看到的结果。

The page itself loaded successfully, but the request that should have retrieved the topics returned an error instead of the expected data. 页面本身加载成功，但应获取主题的请求返回错误而非预期数据。

These observations did not explain the cause yet, but they gave the investigation a much clearer starting point than a general complaint. 观察尚未解释原因，却比泛泛抱怨提供更清晰起点。

A reproduction describes the steps that lead to a problem so that another person can observe the same behavior independently. 复现说明描述导致问题的步骤，让别人能独立观察同样行为。

Then it lists the actions in the order they occurred, using precise verbs instead of broad instructions such as use the application. 再按发生顺序列操作，用精确动词，而不写使用应用等笼统指令。

If the issue appeared while another operation was running, that background activity may matter and should be mentioned without assuming a connection. 若问题出现时另一操作正在运行，应提及该背景，但不武断认定关联。

Once the problem has been fixed, the same sequence becomes a practical way to check whether the original failure has really disappeared. 修复后，相同步骤可用于检查原故障是否真正消失。

Yesterday I opened a lesson and selected the topic menu, but no options appeared even though the database should contain several topics. 我：昨天打开课程选主题菜单，没有选项，虽然数据库应该有几个主题。

I waited for the content, then opened the menu; the page looked normal, but the request for topics returned an error. 我：等内容显示才开菜单，页面正常，但主题请求报错。

Yes, it happened again; I have recorded the steps, the expected options, and the actual response so that you can reproduce it. 我：有，我已记录步骤、预期选项和实际响应，方便复现。

Please also note any recent changes that may be relevant, but keep those possibilities separate from what the evidence actually confirms. 我：也请留意可能相关的近期改动，但将可能性与已证实内容分开。

补充词汇语境

这些句子为词汇覆盖提供额外语境，难度有差异。先练主阅读和对话，再按需学习低频词。专门语境不必强行用在普通项目对话中。

Please debug the failed request before changing the page, and raise a separate issue if another failure appears during the investigation. 请先调试失败请求再改页面，调查中若有其他故障另提问题。

I didn’t see the warning at first, and the application doesn’t explain what happens when the request is rejected. 起初没看到警告，应用也不解释请求被拒后怎样。

The page shows a broken image, and I don’t know whether the original file is missing or the path is wrong. 页面图片损坏，我不知原文件缺失还是路径错。

The system suddenly became disconnected while it was uploading a file, and the partial result looked incomplete. 上传中系统突然断连，部分结果看着不完整。

The developer encountered a bug while debugging the menu, then discovered that an earlier patch had changed its behavior. 开发者调试菜单时遇到缺陷，发现之前补丁改变行为。

A crash can drop a connection, but the visible symptom alone does not establish which component failed first. 崩溃可能断连接，但可见症状不能确定哪个组件先失败。

The recent patch was applied, yet the bug appeared again because a different process was still using the older settings. 补丁已应用，但另一进程仍用旧设置，所以故障再现。

The reference response is false in this example, while the actual result is true; the mismatch needs a precise description. 示例参考响应为假，实际为真，差异需精确描述。

The first call failed, but two later calls succeeded, so the issue is intermittent rather than constant. 首次调用失败，之后两次成功，所以问题间歇发生。

The old report had omitted the browser version, which made the issue difficult to reproduce on another machine. 旧报告遗漏浏览器版本，导致其他机器难复现。

The missing input created a mess, but repeating the same steps helped us separate two different messes into independent issues. 缺输入造成混乱，重复步骤帮助把两种混乱分为独立问题。

练习与参考答案

1. 结构识别

观察下面的本课句子，先指出主语和谓语，再圈出连接词与修饰成分：

I opened the page and noticed an empty menu.

2. 挖空回忆

Yesterday I opened the course page and noticed that the topic menu was empty, although I expected several saved 【1】____ 【2】____ 【3】____.

3. 中文转述

1. 昨天打开课程页时，我发现主题菜单为空，虽然预期应显示几个已保存主题。
2. 修改前，我记录访问页面、执行操作和实际看到的结果。
3. 页面本身加载成功，但应获取主题的请求返回错误而非预期数据。

4. 迁移到自己的项目

1. 用三到五句介绍与本课主题相关的一次真实任务。
2. 至少使用本课五个词条和一个重点语法结构。
3. 改变例句中的主体、对象或条件，解释修改后句意有什么变化。
4. 让同伴追问一个细节，再用完整句子回答；不要把示例中的教学设定当成自己的实际经历。

TypeWords 导入材料

• 本课词汇文件：选择“导入自定义单词”入口。
• 本课文章文件：含A阅读、B阅读、C对话、D选句、E补充语境。
• 原文与译文逐行一一对应。模板前两条是官网要求保留的说明与示例，不是课程正文。
• 词汇文件没有伪造音标或词源；需要时可在TypeWords里补充可靠词典数据。未生成独立音频文件。

继续学习

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