本课任务：用英语完成“描述环境与运行状态”这一类沟通。英文内容为教学情境，不是用户项目事实的逐字记录。学习顺序是阅读理解、词汇例句、语法拆解、练习和脱稿复述。
- 阅读A：215词；阅读B：213词；对话：181词。
- 首次集中学习：51个词形组，对应原词表54个已观察词项。
- 语法：状态与动作；被动语态；存在与可用。
- 常用句式复习：12句；补充语境练习：14句。
- 返回20课目录。
阅读 A｜Understanding Where a Service Runs
Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it.
An application may run directly on the host, inside a container, or within a virtual machine that has its own environment.
These arrangements can look similar in a browser while depending on different ports, network routes, and configuration files behind the scenes.
I describe the actual setup before proposing a change, because restarting the wrong service may not affect the problem at all.
The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses.
A running process does not automatically mean that the application is reachable from every other machine or environment on the network.
The request may still be blocked, sent to the wrong port, or directed through a proxy that is configured differently than expected.
I find it helpful to follow one request from the browser to the application and identify each important connection along that path.
This creates a shared explanation of the environment instead of a collection of unrelated commands that happen to change its state.
Once the path is clear, we can investigate the specific point where the expected behavior stops and choose an appropriate next action.
A：逐句中文对照
Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it. 询问服务为何不可用前，应先知道它在哪里运行、请求如何到达。
An application may run directly on the host, inside a container, or within a virtual machine that has its own environment. 应用可能直接在宿主机、容器，或有独立环境的虚拟机中运行。
These arrangements can look similar in a browser while depending on different ports, network routes, and configuration files behind the scenes. 浏览器里看着相似，背后依赖的端口、网络路由和配置文件却不同。
I describe the actual setup before proposing a change, because restarting the wrong service may not affect the problem at all. 我先说明实际配置再建议修改，因为重启错误服务可能毫无帮助。
The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
A running process does not automatically mean that the application is reachable from every other machine or environment on the network. 进程运行不等于网络中每个机器和环境都能访问应用。
The request may still be blocked, sent to the wrong port, or directed through a proxy that is configured differently than expected. 请求可能仍被阻挡、发错端口，或经过配置不符预期的代理。
I find it helpful to follow one request from the browser to the application and identify each important connection along that path. 我会沿一条请求从浏览器到应用，确认路径中每个重要连接。
This creates a shared explanation of the environment instead of a collection of unrelated commands that happen to change its state. 这样形成共同环境解释，而不是一组碰巧改变状态的无关命令。
Once the path is clear, we can investigate the specific point where the expected behavior stops and choose an appropriate next action. 路径明确后，就能找预期行为停止的具体位置并选下一步。
阅读 B｜Separating Configuration from Runtime State
Configuration describes how a system is intended to behave, while runtime state describes what it is actually doing at a particular moment.
A file may say that a service should start automatically, but the current process can still be stopped because an earlier attempt failed.
Likewise, changing a configuration file does not always update a running process immediately; some applications need a reload or a restart.
I therefore ask which settings were changed, when they were applied, and what evidence shows that the service is using them now.
This distinction is especially useful when a project has separate local, testing, and production environments that share similar names.
A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people.
I also distinguish unavailable from stopped, because a service can be running but unreachable from a particular client or network.
An explanation should name the environment and the observed state, rather than simply say that everything is online or offline.
When the settings and state are documented separately, it becomes easier to repeat a setup and understand why two machines behave differently.
The result is a more reliable conversation about what needs to change, what is already correct, and what still requires direct observation.
B：逐句中文对照
Configuration describes how a system is intended to behave, while runtime state describes what it is actually doing at a particular moment. 配置描述系统打算如何工作，运行状态则描述某时刻实际在做什么。
A file may say that a service should start automatically, but the current process can still be stopped because an earlier attempt failed. 文件可能指定自动启动，但先前启动失败后进程仍可能停止。
Likewise, changing a configuration file does not always update a running process immediately; some applications need a reload or a restart. 修改配置也不一定立即更新进程，部分应用需重载或重启。
I therefore ask which settings were changed, when they were applied, and what evidence shows that the service is using them now. 因此我会问改了哪些设置、何时应用，以及什么证据表明服务正在使用。
This distinction is especially useful when a project has separate local, testing, and production environments that share similar names. 本地、测试、生产环境名称相似时，这个区别尤其有用。
A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people. 笔记本修改成功，不能证明其他用户访问的服务器已用相同配置。
I also distinguish unavailable from stopped, because a service can be running but unreachable from a particular client or network. 我也区分不可访问与已停止，因为运行服务也可能对某客户端不可达。
An explanation should name the environment and the observed state, rather than simply say that everything is online or offline. 说明应指出环境和观察状态，而不是笼统说一切在线或离线。
When the settings and state are documented separately, it becomes easier to repeat a setup and understand why two machines behave differently. 分别记录设置与状态，更易复现环境并理解两台机器为何不同。
The result is a more reliable conversation about what needs to change, what is already correct, and what still requires direct observation. 这样能更可靠地讨论哪些要改、哪些正确、哪些还需观察。
工作对话
Me: Could you check which services are running inside the virtual machine and distinguish them from the services running directly on the host? 我：能检查虚拟机内运行的服务，并与宿主机服务区分吗？
Operator: Yes; I will identify the processes and their ports, then explain how the browser reaches the application from the host environment. 运维者：可以，先确认进程端口，再解释宿主环境浏览器怎样访问应用。
Me: The configuration says the service starts automatically, but does that prove it is actually running after the last restart this morning? 我：配置写自动启动，能证明今早重启后确实运行吗？
Operator: No; we need to inspect the current state and check whether the most recent startup attempt succeeded or returned an error. 运维者：不能，需要检查当前状态及最近启动是否成功或报错。
Me: Please also explain whether the changed settings have been applied, because I edited the file but did not restart the process afterward. 我：也请解释新设置是否已应用，因为我编辑后没重启进程。
Operator: I will check how this application loads configuration and whether it supports a reload without restarting the entire environment or losing work. 运维者：会检查应用如何加载配置，能否不重启整个环境或丢工作就重载。
Me: Good; keep the explanation focused on this actual setup, and show where a request stops if the browser cannot reach the service. 我：好，聚焦实际配置，若浏览器访问不了，就展示请求停在哪。
Operator: I will report the environment, the observed state, and the evidence for each conclusion before proposing the change needed to restore access. 运维者：会先报告环境、状态和结论证据，再建议恢复访问的修改。
本课完整词汇表
词形组把常见变形关联起来，不把名词派生词一概合并。例如develop与development仍可能是独立词条。所有格、缩写和有独立用途的形式按实际学习价值保留。释义以工作语境为主；少量低频词用于原会话词汇覆盖，标注在补充例句中。
| 词条 | 词义／功能 | 原文关联词形 |
|---|---|---|
| address | 地址；处理某问题 | — |
| browser | 浏览器 | — |
| client | 客户端；客户 | — |
| command | 命令 | — |
| compatible | 兼容的 | — |
| concurrent | 并发的；同时发生的 | — |
| configuration | 配置 | — |
| configure | 配置 | configured |
| connect | 连接 | — |
| connection | 连接 | — |
| console | 控制台 | — |
| container | 容器 | — |
| daemon | 后台守护进程 | — |
| default | 默认的 | — |
| device | 设备 | devices |
| dock | 程序坞；停靠 | — |
| domain | 域名 | — |
| environment | 环境 | — |
| extension | 扩展；浏览器扩展 | — |
| handheld | 手持的；手持设备 | — |
| host | 宿主机；主机 | — |
| hydration | 补水；前端水合 | — |
| install | 安装 | installed |
| local | 本地的 | — |
| locale | 语言地区设置 | — |
| login | 登录，通常作名词或定语 | — |
| monitor | 监控；显示器 | — |
| native | 母语的；本机的；原生的 | — |
| on | 在……上；在某日 | — |
| plugin | 插件 | — |
| port | 端口 | — |
| preinstalled | 预装的 | — |
| process | 过程；进程；处理 | — |
| proxy | 代理 | — |
| route | 路由 | routes |
| router | 路由器；路由组件 | — |
| rule | 规则 | rules |
| run | 运行 | running |
| server | 服务器 | — |
| setup | 安装、初始化配置流程 | — |
| sniffer | 嗅探器 | — |
| stack | 技术栈；堆栈 | — |
| startup | 初创公司 | startups |
| stream | 流；流式传输 | — |
| system | 系统 | — |
| terminal | 终端 | — |
| traffic | 流量 | — |
| tunnel | 隧道；网络隧道 | — |
| unavailable | 不可用的 | — |
| usage | 使用量、用法 | — |
| websocket | 持久双向通信协议或连接 | — |
每个词条的完整例句
下列例句来自这套课程的阅读、对话或补充语境。例句可能复用其他课的场景，以便同一个词在不同任务中再现；总覆盖表保留来源课程编号。
address — 地址；处理某问题 The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
browser — 浏览器 Good; keep the explanation focused on this actual setup, and show where a request stops if the browser cannot reach the service. 我：好，聚焦实际配置，若浏览器访问不了，就展示请求停在哪。
client — 客户端；客户 The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
command — 命令 The daemon runs in the background, while a terminal command displays the service’s current health and listening address. 守护进程后台运行，终端命令展示当前健康状态及监听地址。
compatible — 兼容的 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
concurrent — 并发的；同时发生的 The service can handle concurrent calls, although the number of connections remains limited by the configured resources. 服务可处理并发调用，但连接数仍受配置资源限制。
configuration — 配置 A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people. 笔记本修改成功，不能证明其他用户访问的服务器已用相同配置。 搭配：the current configuration
configure — 配置 The request may still be blocked, sent to the wrong port, or directed through a proxy that is configured differently than expected. 请求可能仍被阻挡、发错端口，或经过配置不符预期的代理。 搭配：configure the application
connect — 连接 The answer should connect those pieces and show how information moves from the source data into the final rendered page. 回答应连接这些部分，说明信息如何从源数据进入最终页面。 搭配：connect the account
connection — 连接 I find it helpful to follow one request from the browser to the application and identify each important connection along that path. 我会沿一条请求从浏览器到应用，确认路径中每个重要连接。 搭配：the database connection
console — 控制台 The dock shows the active applications, and a separate window displays the console output for the current process. 程序坞展示活动应用，独立窗口显示当前进程控制台输出。
container — 容器 An application may run directly on the host, inside a container, or within a virtual machine that has its own environment. 应用可能直接在宿主机、容器，或有独立环境的虚拟机中运行。 搭配：the Docker container
daemon — 后台守护进程 The daemon runs in the background, while a terminal command displays the service’s current health and listening address. 守护进程后台运行，终端命令展示当前健康状态及监听地址。
default — 默认的 The config uses a default route, and the router applies the rules that determine where the request goes next. 配置用默认路由，路由器按规则决定请求去向。 搭配：the default value
device — 设备 The devices use the same network, but each device has its own local address and available ports. 设备同网，但各有本地地址和可用端口。
dock — 程序坞；停靠 The dock shows the active applications, and a separate window displays the console output for the current process. 程序坞展示活动应用，独立窗口显示当前进程控制台输出。
domain — 域名 I look for the intended content and confirm that the main links lead to the correct destinations under the production domain. 我查找预期内容，确认主要链接在生产域名下指向正确位置。 搭配：a custom domain
environment — 环境 An application may run directly on the host, inside a container, or within a virtual machine that has its own environment. 应用可能直接在宿主机、容器，或有独立环境的虚拟机中运行。 搭配：the local environment
extension — 扩展；浏览器扩展 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
handheld — 手持的；手持设备 On a handheld device, the screen is smaller, so the same page needs a more compact arrangement of the controls. 手持设备屏幕较小，控件需更紧凑安排。
host — 宿主机；主机 An application may run directly on the host, inside a container, or within a virtual machine that has its own environment. 应用可能直接在宿主机、容器，或有独立环境的虚拟机中运行。 搭配：the host machine
hydration — 补水；前端水合 The template engine handles generation, while the browser must render the resulting page and complete hydration before some interactions work. 模板引擎处理生成，浏览器需渲染页面并完成水合，部分交互才可用。
install — 安装 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。 搭配：install the package
local — 本地的 This distinction is especially useful when a project has separate local, testing, and production environments that share similar names. 本地、测试、生产环境名称相似时，这个区别尤其有用。 搭配：the local service
locale — 语言地区设置 A locale controls language and regional formatting, while the underlying content remains the same. 语言地区设置控制语言和地区格式，底层内容保持相同。
login — 登录，通常作名词或定语 The browser uses the login page to create a session, and the session lifetime depends on the application settings. 浏览器用登录页创建会话，时效取决于应用设置。
monitor — 监控；显示器 The tail of the logs shows the most recent event, and the monitor counts the hits on the relevant endpoint. 日志尾部显示最近事件，监控器统计相关端点命中。
native — 母语的；本机的；原生的 Several podcasts and videos use native speakers, while others rely on a clearly labeled synthetic voice. 部分播客视频用母语者，其他使用明确标注的合成声音。
on — 在……上；在某日 A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people. 笔记本修改成功，不能证明其他用户访问的服务器已用相同配置。
plugin — 插件 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
port — 端口 The request may still be blocked, sent to the wrong port, or directed through a proxy that is configured differently than expected. 请求可能仍被阻挡、发错端口，或经过配置不符预期的代理。 搭配：the application port
preinstalled — 预装的 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
process — 过程；进程；处理 The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
proxy — 代理 The request may still be blocked, sent to the wrong port, or directed through a proxy that is configured differently than expected. 请求可能仍被阻挡、发错端口，或经过配置不符预期的代理。 搭配：the proxy configuration
route — 路由 These arrangements can look similar in a browser while depending on different ports, network routes, and configuration files behind the scenes. 浏览器里看着相似，背后依赖的端口、网络路由和配置文件却不同。 搭配：the default route
router — 路由器；路由组件 The config uses a default route, and the router applies the rules that determine where the request goes next. 配置用默认路由，路由器按规则决定请求去向。
rule — 规则 The config uses a default route, and the router applies the rules that determine where the request goes next. 配置用默认路由，路由器按规则决定请求去向。 搭配：a routing rule
run — 运行 The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。 搭配：run the service
server — 服务器 A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people. 笔记本修改成功，不能证明其他用户访问的服务器已用相同配置。 搭配：the local server
setup — 安装、初始化配置流程 I describe the actual setup before proposing a change, because restarting the wrong service may not affect the problem at all. 我先说明实际配置再建议修改，因为重启错误服务可能毫无帮助。 搭配：during setup
sniffer — 嗅探器 A proxy sniffer may inspect traffic, so its role and access should be understood before enabling it. 代理嗅探器可能检查流量，启用前应理解作用权限。
stack — 技术栈；堆栈 The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
startup — 初创公司 No; we need to inspect the current state and check whether the most recent startup attempt succeeded or returned an error. 运维者：不能，需要检查当前状态及最近启动是否成功或报错。
stream — 流；流式传输 A stream carries updates while the connection remains open, and a log records the responses that the client receives. 连接开放时流传送更新，日志记录客户端所收响应。
system — 系统 Configuration describes how a system is intended to behave, while runtime state describes what it is actually doing at a particular moment. 配置描述系统打算如何工作，运行状态则描述某时刻实际在做什么。
terminal — 终端 The daemon runs in the background, while a terminal command displays the service’s current health and listening address. 守护进程后台运行，终端命令展示当前健康状态及监听地址。
traffic — 流量 A proxy sniffer may inspect traffic, so its role and access should be understood before enabling it. 代理嗅探器可能检查流量，启用前应理解作用权限。 搭配：monthly traffic
tunnel — 隧道；网络隧道 We checked the routes and the rule that sends traffic through the tunnel before changing any network settings. 修改网络设置前，我们查路由及经隧道发送流量的规则。
unavailable — 不可用的 Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it. 询问服务为何不可用前，应先知道它在哪里运行、请求如何到达。
usage — 使用量、用法 The monitor shows the process count, memory usage, and the network traffic associated with the running application. 监控器展示进程数、内存用量及应用相关流量。 搭配：current usage
websocket — 持久双向通信协议或连接 The application can use a websocket to keep a connection open while exchanging updates in both directions. 应用可用双向持久连接保持连通并双向交换更新。
语法精讲与结构拆解
G12-1 被动语态
The request may be blocked.
may＋be＋过去分词，描述请求可能被阻挡；情态动词后必须用be原形。
对照／迁移：The settings are loaded at startup.
G12-2 状态词与进行时
The service is unavailable. / The service is running.
unavailable是形容词表语；is running是be＋ing进行时。运行与可达并非同一判断。
对照／迁移：The process is stopped. / It is listening on a port.
G12-3 完成时被动的引入
Have the changed settings been applied?
have＋主语＋been＋过去分词；询问截至当前是否已应用设置。下一阶段继续展开完成时。
对照／迁移：The settings have been updated.
相关结构补充与易错点
被动语态：be＋过去分词
重点在对象被怎样处理；执行者不重要时很常用。
- Can this be configured during setup? 这个能在初始化时配置吗？
- The feature was removed. 这个功能被移除了。
状态与动作：live / deployed
is live 描述线上状态；has been deployed 描述部署已完成。完成部署不必然等于页面可用，表达时按实际情况选择。
- The page is live now. 页面现在已经上线。
- The update has been deployed, but the page is returning an error. 更新已部署，但页面正在报错。
十二句表达复习
本节从本课选择十二句完整表达，用于TypeWords跟打与默写。先理解结构，再替换人物、对象、时间或原因。它们是选句，不代表每句都是固定搭配。
Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it. 询问服务为何不可用前，应先知道它在哪里运行、请求如何到达。
These arrangements can look similar in a browser while depending on different ports, network routes, and configuration files behind the scenes. 浏览器里看着相似，背后依赖的端口、网络路由和配置文件却不同。
The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses. 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
I find it helpful to follow one request from the browser to the application and identify each important connection along that path. 我会沿一条请求从浏览器到应用，确认路径中每个重要连接。
Configuration describes how a system is intended to behave, while runtime state describes what it is actually doing at a particular moment. 配置描述系统打算如何工作，运行状态则描述某时刻实际在做什么。
Likewise, changing a configuration file does not always update a running process immediately; some applications need a reload or a restart. 修改配置也不一定立即更新进程，部分应用需重载或重启。
A successful change on my laptop does not prove that the same configuration is active on the server used by other people. 笔记本修改成功，不能证明其他用户访问的服务器已用相同配置。
When the settings and state are documented separately, it becomes easier to repeat a setup and understand why two machines behave differently. 分别记录设置与状态，更易复现环境并理解两台机器为何不同。
Could you check which services are running inside the virtual machine and distinguish them from the services running directly on the host? 我：能检查虚拟机内运行的服务，并与宿主机服务区分吗？
The configuration says the service starts automatically, but does that prove it is actually running after the last restart this morning? 我：配置写自动启动，能证明今早重启后确实运行吗？
Please also explain whether the changed settings have been applied, because I edited the file but did not restart the process afterward. 我：也请解释新设置是否已应用，因为我编辑后没重启进程。
Good; keep the explanation focused on this actual setup, and show where a request stops if the browser cannot reach the service. 我：好，聚焦实际配置，若浏览器访问不了，就展示请求停在哪。
补充词汇语境
这些句子为词汇覆盖提供额外语境，难度有差异。先练主阅读和对话，再按需学习低频词。专门语境不必强行用在普通项目对话中。
A stream carries updates while the connection remains open, and a log records the responses that the client receives. 连接开放时流传送更新，日志记录客户端所收响应。
The tail of the logs shows the most recent event, and the monitor counts the hits on the relevant endpoint. 日志尾部显示最近事件，监控器统计相关端点命中。
The daemon runs in the background, while a terminal command displays the service’s current health and listening address. 守护进程后台运行，终端命令展示当前健康状态及监听地址。
The installed plugin is compatible with the current stack, but a preinstalled extension may use a different configuration. 已装插件兼容当前技术栈，但预装扩展可能用不同配置。
The config uses a default route, and the router applies the rules that determine where the request goes next. 配置用默认路由，路由器按规则决定请求去向。
We checked the routes and the rule that sends traffic through the tunnel before changing any network settings. 修改网络设置前，我们查路由及经隧道发送流量的规则。
A proxy sniffer may inspect traffic, so its role and access should be understood before enabling it. 代理嗅探器可能检查流量，启用前应理解作用权限。
The devices use the same network, but each device has its own local address and available ports. 设备同网，但各有本地地址和可用端口。
The service can handle concurrent calls, although the number of connections remains limited by the configured resources. 服务可处理并发调用，但连接数仍受配置资源限制。
The browser uses the login page to create a session, and the session lifetime depends on the application settings. 浏览器用登录页创建会话，时效取决于应用设置。
A locale controls language and regional formatting, while the underlying content remains the same. 语言地区设置控制语言和地区格式，底层内容保持相同。
The application can use a websocket to keep a connection open while exchanging updates in both directions. 应用可用双向持久连接保持连通并双向交换更新。
The dock shows the active applications, and a separate window displays the console output for the current process. 程序坞展示活动应用，独立窗口显示当前进程控制台输出。
The monitor shows the process count, memory usage, and the network traffic associated with the running application. 监控器展示进程数、内存用量及应用相关流量。
练习与参考答案
1. 结构识别
观察下面的本课句子，先指出主语和谓语，再圈出连接词与修饰成分：
The request may be blocked.
查看结构提示
may＋be＋过去分词，描述请求可能被阻挡；情态动词后必须用be原形。
2. 挖空回忆
Before I ask why a service is 【1】____, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it.
查看答案
- unavailable
原句：Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it.
3. 中文转述
- 询问服务为何不可用前，应先知道它在哪里运行、请求如何到达。
- 浏览器里看着相似，背后依赖的端口、网络路由和配置文件却不同。
- 下一步检查哪个进程在运行，是否监听客户端使用的地址。
查看参考表达
- Before I ask why a service is unavailable, I first need to know where it runs and how a request reaches it.
- These arrangements can look similar in a browser while depending on different ports, network routes, and configuration files behind the scenes.
- The next step is to check which process is running and whether it is listening at the address that the client uses.
4. 迁移到自己的项目
- 用三到五句介绍与本课主题相关的一次真实任务。
- 至少使用本课五个词条和一个重点语法结构。
- 改变例句中的主体、对象或条件，解释修改后句意有什么变化。
- 让同伴追问一个细节，再用完整句子回答；不要把示例中的教学设定当成自己的实际经历。
TypeWords 导入材料
- 本课词汇文件：选择“导入自定义单词”入口。
- 本课文章文件：含A阅读、B阅读、C对话、D选句、E补充语境。
- 原文与译文逐行一一对应。模板前两条是官网要求保留的说明与示例，不是课程正文。
- 词汇文件没有伪造音标或词源；需要时可在TypeWords里补充可靠词典数据。未生成独立音频文件。